Biofuels: Meeting the Energy and Environmental Challenges of the Transportation SectorEditions TECHNIP, 2012 - 355 pages Changes in the world energy context, the increasing awareness of the environmental stakes and the development of research on the production of second and third generation biofuels revealed a clear need to write a new book which updates and complements all technical, financial and environmental aspects of Les Biocarburants—État des lieux, perspectives et enjeux du développement (Biofuels—Current status, outlook and development stakes) published in 2006. This book provides a detailed state of the art of the first generation biofuel production technologies. It describes the new «second generation» pathways which use lignocellulosic biomass as raw material and are starting to find industrial applications, thereby reducing the competition between the food resource and the use of agricultural materials for energy purposes. It also provides a technical update on the algaeto-energy pathway (third generation) and the production of methane and hydrogen by biochemical pathways. The book arrives at exactly the right time to renew the interest in biofuels, including for air transport, and provide an insight on the technological research and development axes currently being investigated. It is intended for transport companies, refiners, forestry companies, the agricultural and agribusiness sectors as well as the public authorities, students, university teachers and researchers. |
Table des matières
Continuous heterogeneous catalysis processes | 135 |
8 | 146 |
11 | 155 |
Chapter 4 | 173 |
References | 197 |
2 | 222 |
3 | 230 |
140 | 247 |
4 | 53 |
Production of ethanol from sugar beet | 64 |
4 | 83 |
Ethanol fermentation parameters | 93 |
7 | 96 |
54 | 104 |
References | 113 |
2 | 119 |
Methanol | 128 |
4 | 253 |
143 | 254 |
CONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BY BIOCHEMICAL | 275 |
3 | 307 |
Chapter 7 | 313 |
1 | 319 |
APPENDIX 1 | 341 |
APPENDIX 2 | 347 |
Expressions et termes fréquents
addition agricultural alcohol biodiesel biofuels Brazil carbon catalyst cereal cetane cetane number char chemical co-products CO2 emissions combustion compounds conducted conversion cost crops currently dehydration Diesel engines distillation energy consumption esters ETBE Ethanol fermentation ethanol fuel ethanol production ether fuels etherification ethylene Euro Europe European fatty acids feedstock fermentation Figure fluidisation forest France gases gasification gasoline glycerine greenhouse gas heat hydrocarbons hydrogen hydrotreatment IFP Energies nouvelles impact increase industrial injection isobutene land lignocellulosic biomass liquid mainly manufacture methyl esters mixture Mm³ MTBE obtained olefins operating oxidation oxygen particulates pathway plant pollutants potential production units pyrolysis oils rapeseed raw material reaction reactor recycled reduced residues sector soya specifications steam reforming stillages studies sugar cane sulphur sunflower syngas synthesis Table technologies temperature tion tonnes torrefaction transesterification transport vapour pressure vegetable oils vehicles VOME weight wood yield